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by Bernard Ramm
Old Bill Shakespeare put his scalpel on a raw nerve when he wrote: “In religion, what damned error, but some sober brow will bless it, and approve it with a text, hiding the grossness with fair ornament” (Merchant of Venice, Act III, Scene 2).
My study Bible has 1512 pages. Some place in these 1512 pages I can usually manage to find a text to damn or bless anything or any person I want.
Unfortunately, the history of the church is filled with tragic episodes where gross sins, cruel practices, or silly rules have been approved with a text. No wonder that one of the accusations theologians wish to avoid at all costs is to be called a “proof-texter.”
Yet all the great confessions which came out of the Reformation say in one wording or another that the Holy Scripture is the supreme and final authority in all matters of faith and practice. How can we use the Holy Scripture as such a final authority and at the same time avoid the odious charge of being a proof-texter?
We do not wish to say an unkind word about butchers. It is a skill to be able to carve up an animal or fowl the proper way for cooking. Butchers and surgeons have in common knives and bodies. But what a world of difference separates them! The butcher never loses a case! He does not bury his mistakes. Life is not at “stake” when he carves the “steak.”
With the surgeon life is at stake! If the surgeon is careless or sloppy or inept or too hasty, then his surgery slips into the classification of butchery! When is citing Scripture surgery and not butchery?
To use Scripture properly is to treat Scripture as a good surgeon of the Word of God. To use it any other way – of which there are many – is to be a butcher of the Word of God.
Prooftexting is not wrong in itself. Scholars of the classics of Greece and Rome do it all the time. All the great definitive editions of the Greek and Latin texts are divided up into chapter and verse so that scholars may cite them. No classical scholar can affirm that Plato taught this or that Tacitus said that without giving the documentation. Proof-texting from ancient documents is nothing more than what we moderns call documentation. The sure sign of a doctoral dissertation is its endless, needless glut of documentation!
But why is prooftexting so acceptable among the scholars of the classics and so odious in theology? In general, the number of butchers among the classical scholars is very few, but among students of the Holy Scripture there are very many.
Unfortunately laymen do not know the difference between a butcher and a surgeon in the citation of Scripture, so to them all “authoritative” Bible teachers are surgeons!
In a brief bit of space let me suggest the difference between a butcher and a surgeon in the citation of Holy Scripture.
(1) The surgeon always does his homework. By homework I mean the careful study of the text using good commentaries and other scholarly resources.
The certain mark of the butcher is that he passes up this necessary step of doing one’s homework. Cultists are the real butchers! Spend a half an hour with any of their prime works and you will note how the great commentaries and resource materials of Biblical scholarship are systematically by-passed. That is one reason they are butchers and not surgeons!
The accusation is that the commentaries replace the Word of God. Instead of saying, “Thus saith the Lord,” we say instead, “Thus saith the commentaries.” No, commentaries are not inspired. But neither are butchers and fools. If nothing else commentaries prevent us from uttering a lot of nonsense or unloading our highly personalistic views as the truth of God.
(2) The surgeon views the context of each single text to be the entire Holy Scripture. The butcher sees a text standing as it were as one isolated eternal truth which he thinks he may cite as the final truth of God on that subject.
The great Reformation motto that “Scripture interprets Scripture” means that the mind of God on any point is to be found in the sum of the entire Scriptural revelation more than in isolated texts. Every text is thus “relativized” by the context of all of Scripture. Surgeons know this and treat each text in the scope of the entire Biblical revelation; butchers do not know this and “absolutize” texts and cite them as if they stood independently from the rest of Scripture.
Granted, the great theologians have always taught that there were great “seat of doctrine” passages. A passage is a “seat of doctrine” passage if the theologians believe that a given doctrine is given a major treatment. Hence, Romans 3 and 4 are seats of doctrine about justification; and Philippians 2 is the great seat of doctrine passage about the Incarnation.
Even so, theologians have never treated the “seat of doctrine” passages as if the total revelation of God on a given subject matter could be found in that one given passage.
The meaning of a text is to be found in connection with all other texts. No text may in and of itself be the court of final appeal. How much authority we give any text must be determined by its place in the total range or organism of divine revelation. This stance separates surgeons from butchers.
(3) Surgeons know that the Scriptures do not intend to speak exhaustively on any topic. Butchers think the Scriptures speak a final, exhaustive word on many topics.
Consider baptism. How little Scripture says about the precise details of the method. How much we must improvise in any baptismal service. Consider ordination. How little is really said about it in Paul’s writing. Again most of our ordination services are our improvising. Or consider divorce. When we look at all the details about the subject in a modern book of law and the materials we have in Scripture we discover how many types of cases are not even mentioned in Scripture. Is it adultery and therefore a basis for divorce if a homosexual (male or female) marries solely to conceal the nature of their sex life?
Surgeons know that divine revelation is a partial revelation given for pilgrims for their light, guidance, food and support in passing through this life. Butchers think the Bible is an exhaustive handbook and cite it that way. Surgeons can always spot butchers! Surgeons know the ground rules; butchers do not.
Republished with permission. Click here to view the article in original format.
The Wittenburg Door, #12 – April/May 1973
http://archives.wittenburgdoor.com/doorstore/backissues/71-74.html
Shredded Bible photo © Ivan Cholakov /123RF Stock Photo
WOW! Great article! This articulated exactly what I was trying to communicate to someone the other day when I was trying to explain the danger of studying and reading the Bible the "Gothard" way. You cannot build your whole theology and overall perception of the Bible & God based on what you consider to be a "Personal Rhema."
Interesting point on commentaries. In our ATI circles, the only authoritative references were Strongs and Youngs.
Interesting outcome though, as Bill rejected commentaries in favor of the "raw, unadulterated text" he ended up writing some pubs that come dangerously close to being the same conceptually as ... wait for it... commentaries.
Therefore, should we accept Bill's advice to eshue all other-textly publications and focus only on the Scripture?
That sounds like pretty good advice.
Interesting outcome though, as Bill rejected commentaries in favor of the "raw, unadulterated text" he ended up writing some pubs that come dangerously close to being the same conceptually as ... wait for it... commentaries
Forget "CLOSE": the only difference between Bill's work and that of respected scholars/theologians is ....wait for it....scholarship. Scholarship and "rhema" need not be opposed. Gnostic dualism, anyone ?? Unless someone wants to argue that Bill's 'scholarship' is God's way, and the work of NT Wright and friends is something else.
BG's "rhemas"have always bothered me--as if only he had the true message from God for all of us underlings. Dr. Ron Allen's excellent rebuke of BG is a must read for everyone. In short, BG cannot be trusted with the scripture.
Someone once said Gothard Scotch tapes Bible verses on his own ideas to make them appear biblical when they are not. I think that is an accurate portrayal of many of his teachings. To be fair and clear, it is only proper to give an example when making an accusation like this. Yesterday I recalled a teaching of Gothard that the Botkin sisters ran with, and that is making a slur against wives who work outside the home by claiming they are as bad as prostitutes, or by saying whatever they do is to be compared to the work of a prostitute. Bill Gothard out and outright said of of working mothers that they fail the test of virtue because they work. The Scripture he tapes on this teaching is Proverbs 7:11, where the prostitute is described as loud and defiant, and her feet never stay at home. You have to ask does this Scripture mean in and of itself that all work that a wife and mother may do outside the home automatically make her a sleazy woman who neglects her home. The answer is no. That was Gothard's idea. He misused the holy Word of God to foist his idea on people
(whoops, hit send too soon) He misused the holy Word of God to foist his idea on people who don't bother to carefully study the Bible for themselves.
I remember that teaching. wow. bad memory of him saying those words.
Sorry for bringing up a bad memory, Julia.
Wonderful article! One other point --- butchers cut out portions they think are not useful for their purposes. As others have pointed out, Gothard had no use for the epistle to the Galatians.
Yes, also Acts15 is not useful to Gothard as well.
Excellent point!! Also Matt. 15:9.
Unfortunately it isn't just Gothard who finds Acts 15 not useful, or attempt to redefine what Acts 15 really says.
I still cannot fathom how so many people were so desperate for a new "Prophet" with all the right formulas to make their marriages successful, their children obedient, and their billfolds full that they were willing to ignore the very basics of Bible study. (Or even basic thinking.)
Gothard's misuse of Scripture flies so fast and thick from the first minutes of his BS that you don't even have to search to find examples of him proof texting. Anecdote+'Principle'(backed up by prooftext) = God's Ineffable Word in Gothard World.
That's not even mentioning the reams of printed materials. For a protestant culture that claims to hold to 'Sola Scriptura,' somehow a whole generation or two were willing to swallow 'Sola Gotharda.' His record as a teacher of his own opinions 'backed' by proof texts should be enough to discredit the man as a teacher, even without his atrocious record with female assistants, enabling abuse, etc.
Thanks for emphasising this!
Will,
You make a good point, wondering how so many were taken in for so long. Perhaps there's a base-chord in human nature
that's strongly attracted to "get rich quick" thinking, even as it applies to the soul. If I recall the climate from my own
evangelical church in the early 1980s, with its "don't spread an evil report" instruction, and heavy emphasis on
maintaining outward appearances, it seems logical that Gothardism's tainted theology was stealthily making its way into
American congregations.
Even a recent conversation I had with two adult friends in their 40s and 50s gave me the notion that over the past 25-30
years, they too, had picked up elements of this false teaching, based on their citing evidence of one-party vote assemblies,
and the concept of a condemnatory Father God figure, vs. One who is compassionate, understanding and merciful. Neither
of them had actually even heard of Bill Gothard or ATI, but attributable to the latter's decades' long litany of heresies, they
had nonetheless been exposed to, and in some cases swallowed the lies they'd heard in their own fellowships.
As a result of poring over RG accounts since the beginning of this year, I was able to recount to them some very Good News
examples of divine, unmerited grace, which we understand has not only taken on legalism with its shame, unhealthy pride
and fear-based shackles, but has gloriously blown it to pieces. All things considered, I suppose it's far less difficult - after
having checked one's brains in at the door - to walk comfortably behind someone we think is blazing a trail in the wilderness,
while simultaneously imagining that we're making warp-speed, spiritual progress. When the path turns into quicksand,
however, or leads the sheep over a cliff (most often detected by those outside the bubble), it's time to place our full trust in
Him who calmed the waters, and loves us more deeply than our finite minds could ever grasp.
Will Hunsucker - Long time since crossings days, huh? :)
- theman
Will: the problem is that we are lazy by nature and will accept second-hand (and often false) "truths" that we think will make us happier and richer. We refuse to take the time to read our Bibles and mine the word of God for ourselves, and then use only solid scholarship instead of populist folk-theology. We think that BG has done the 'mining" for us and unlocked the core truths that will lead to fulfillment. Throw in a few stories of changed lives and "presto!" we have all we need to be happy. It's all deceptive malarkey, but we think it is the key truths from God's man.
you point out the weakness of Sola Scriptura and the difficulty on deciding who is right or the correct interpretation. Martin Luther said towards the end of his life that he out rid of one pope but now has 100 more popes. Lots of people can quote the Bible and then use it and twist it for their one false views and convince a lot of gullible but sincere Christians to go along.
@ the RG community at large: would greatly recommend David Fitch's post of July 2, regarding airing dirty laundry (when is this helpful, when is it not). The comment section is rich as well, with comments from Bill Kinnon, whom I appreciate and respect. The themes will look VERY familiar to much of what the RG community has, and will, talk about.
Have a July 4th FREE in Christ, the only true freedom.
Fithch's blog is (I think) Recovering the Mission.
A few observations from an Eastern Orthodox perspective:
Act 8:28-31 - The Jews of Jesus' day assumed they needed guidance to understand the Scriptures (even though the literate also read the Scriptures for themselves).
2 Peter 3:15-17 - The Scriptures are not all perspicacious and self-interpreting--the "untaught and unstable" can twist the words of Scripture to their own destruction.
Luke 24:25-27 - Even after sitting under His teaching for three years, Jesus' disciples were clueless as to the way in which their OT Scriptures spoke of Christ until guided by Christ Himself in their understanding. Significant portions of the spiritual meaning of the Scriptures is not apparent on the merely literal level of the texts. Have you ever wondered why so many of the ways the Messianic prophetic OT texts are quoted and interpreted in the NT defy the rules we moderns have come to accept as normative in the interpretation of Scripture (i.e., some variation of the historical/textual-critical method)? The way in which the OT Scriptures "speak of Christ" (John 5:39) is more hidden than many assume and cannot be discerned apart encounter with Christ Himself in His Church. A lot of doctrinal error has slipped into many corners of Christendom because the OT is appropriated and used in a way not sanctioned in the NT. It is only in knowing the full story revealed in Christ, that we come to understand the place of the rest of the Scriptures in their proper context.
1 Corinthians 2 - The Holy Spirit's work is key to understanding God's word. We can't understand God's word aright until the Holy Spirit is at work in our hearts and through God’s messengers demonstrating the truth of Christ and transforming us into His image.
Acts 15 - The Holy Spirit resides fully, not in any one single believer alone, but in the whole Church Christ founded. When the whole Church gathers in good faith to cooperate with one another and seek the Spirit's guidance in council to discern how the Scriptures and the truth of the gospel are to be applied in the face of controversies and new situations, we can trust the Holy Spirit to guide that process and deliver a consensus that remains faithful to the apostolic deposit of truth.
To properly interpret the Scriptures, context is everything. It is key to know which Scriptures must give the context for all the rest. For the Jews, the Torah (the Pentateuch) was/is central to understanding the rest of the OT Scriptures, then came the prophets and so on down in a hierarchy of importance. For the apostolic early Christians, it was the Gospels that formed the proper context through which to read all the rest of the Scripture, next the epistles, then the Torah, etc.
In the early Church, new converts typically underwent three years of instruction as catechumens before they were baptized, and they were not taught the meaning of the rites of the Church in baptism, laying on of hands/anointing and participation in the Eucharist until after they were baptized and had experienced them. In this view, participation in the Church and obedience to Christ are prerequisites to understanding the meaning of much of the Scriptures and the interior life of the Church (which is the context for the writings of the epistles). Since 1973 when this article was written, more western scholars have become aware of early evidence, such as that found in the “Didache” (written shortly before the turn of the 2nd century), which like the "Apostolic Constitutions" and other such early records of details of Church life -- describe the practices of the apostolic Church. It is not true, actually, that we don’t know how baptisms were conducted, how the Eucharist was administered, and the manner of ordination, etc., in the apostolic and early ante-Nicene and Nicene periods of the Church. It’s true not many of the details are given in the Scriptures, but they have all been quite thoroughly described in documents of the early Church. In the NT, St. Paul charges the early churches to which he wrote to "keep the apostolic teaching" whether it was delivered by epistle or by word of mouth (2 Thessalonians 2:15), so it is reasonable to expect that we will see continuity of practice in this early period with the apostolic norms imparted to the NT churches. I’m currently reading Tradition, Scripture, and Interpretation , Edited by D. H. Williams (and published by Baker Academic), which is a good, very accessible resource for those wanting to gain a better understanding of the history of Christians’ interpretation and application of the Scriptures in the early period.
[…] But what I hear is that every single scripture pertains to their particular agenda. Bernard Ramm wrote, “My study Bible has 1512 pages. Some place in these 1512 pages I can usually manage to find […]
Jesus stated himself that He is the fulfillment of the law and that the law and the prophets testify of Him. The NT is hidden in the OT and the OT is revealed in the NT. On the road to Emmaus, Jesus opened scripture to the two unnamed disciples in how the OT (no NT yet) predicted Him. The Bible is not a how to book but a who is book. In Acts, Phillip explained the passage in Isaiah to the Ethiopian in how it related to Jesus. This is how the early Church used scripture. Therefore, when someone comes along and tells you that the Bible is the answer book about everything else, one should realize that this is a false use of scripture. When the devil tempted Jesus, he took isolated verses out of context to tempt Jesus. Jesus counted with scripture himself.